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- <text id=90TT3024>
- <title>
- Nov. 12, 1990: Death In The Mediterranean
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Nov. 12, 1990 Ready For War
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 111
- Death in the Mediterranean
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Pollution aggravates a plague among Europe's dolphins
- </p>
- <p> The first hint that something was wrong came in August, when
- dead dolphins--victims of pneumonia and liver damage--began
- washing up on Mediterranean beaches near Valencia, Spain. But
- until the past few weeks, no one had realized the extent of the
- disaster. When scientists from European countries began
- comparing notes, it suddenly became clear that some sort of
- epidemic was raging through the striped dolphin population of
- the western Mediterranean Sea. In France, where dead dolphins
- usually wash ashore at a rate of about 50 a year, 50 were
- discovered in a two-week period, and the toll in Spain is up to
- 250 in less than three months. Since it is possible that only
- a small percentage of dead animals have drifted in to land, the
- actual toll may be much higher.
- </p>
- <p> It did not take long to track down the source of the
- infection. Laboratory tests revealed that it is a strain of
- morbilli, the same type of virus--similar to the cause of
- canine distemper and human measles--that killed some 20,000
- North Sea seals in 1988. While viral epidemics are part of the
- natural ecology of the sea, some scientists think this outbreak
- was aggravated by man-made pollution. Autopsies on the mammals
- show their tissues are contaminated with metals and the toxic
- polychlorinated biphenyls (PCPs). The chemicals may have
- weakened the dolphins' immune systems, making the animals more
- vulnerable to disease.
- </p>
- <p> This would not be the first time such a link between
- pollution and plague has shown up. In a 1988 report to the U.S.
- Marine Mammal Commission, investigators suggested that a rash
- of dolphin deaths on America's East Coast might have resulted
- from bacterial infections that overwhelmed the animals'
- pollution-damaged immune systems. Environmentalists believe the
- Mediterranean case is potentially more serious, since it is
- happening during fall, one of the dolphins' prime breeding
- seasons. The disease could also spread to other mammals,
- including monk seals, pilot whales and sperm whales.
- </p>
- <p> Unfortunately, the Mediterranean is so filthy that even a
- major cleanup effort would make little difference for years. The
- animals may not have that much time. There is no known cure for
- the virus, and scientists and environmentalists alike fear that
- dolphins could become no more than a memory in the
- Mediterranean.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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